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{{Lists of films}}

The '''animated documentary''' is a [[film genre|genre of film]] that combines [[animation]] and [[documentary film|documentary]]. This genre should not be confused with documentaries about movie and TV animation history that feature excerpts.

== History ==

[[File:Winsor McCay (1918) The Sinking of the Lusitania.webm|thumb|left|alt=Video of the animated film ''The Sinking of the Lusitania''|thumbtime=1:57|[[Winsor McCay]]'s 1918 film ''[[The Sinking of the Lusitania]]'' was the first animated documentary.]]

The first recognized example of this genre is Winsor McCay's 1918 12-minute-long film ''[[The Sinking of the Lusitania]]'',<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/blog/great-animated-documentaries/ 10 Great Animated Documentaries-Blog-Independent Lens-PBS]</ref> which uses animation to portray the 1915 sinking of {{RMS|Lusitania}} after it was struck by two torpedoes launched by a German [[U-boat]]; an event of which no recorded film footage is known to exist.<ref name="film history">DelGaudio, Sybil. ''If Truth Be Told, Can Toons Tell It? Documentary and Animation''. Film History 9:2 (1997) p. 189-199</ref>
Since the 1920s, animation has been used in [[educational film|educational]] and [[Social guidance film|social guidance]] films, and has often been used to illustrate abstract concepts in mainly live-action examples of these genres. Early examples of fully animated educational films are ''The Einstein Theory of Relativity'' and ''Evolution'' (both 1923) by [[Fleischer Studios|Max and Dave Fleischer]].<ref name="film history" /> [[Walt Disney]] used it in films such as ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'' (1943), ''[[How to Catch a Cold]]'' (1951) and ''[[Our Friend the Atom]]'' (1957).<ref name="film history" />

In 1953, [[Norman McLaren]]'s ''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]'' won the Academy Awards for Best Documentary (Short Subject). The award is somewhat considered a mistake, but the fact that it was not only indicated into that category, but also won, shows that, somehow, the animated images spoke to the judges almost like a documentary.

''[[Of Stars and Men]]'', a 1964 animated feature by [[John Hubley]] which tells of humankind's quest to find its place in the universe, won an award in the documentary category at the [[San Francisco Film Festival]].<ref name="film history" />

Mosaic Films promoted the use of animated documentaries in the United Kingdom in 2003 with the award-winning series ''Animated Minds''. Commissioned by [[Channel 4]] and directed by [[Andy Glynne]], it uses real testimony from survivors of mental illness, combined with engaging visuals, to climb inside the minds of the mentally distressed. The first series won the award for Best Animation at the [[Banff World Media Festival]] (2004).<ref>{{cite web|title=Brits dominate Banff Rockies|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/brits-dominate-banff-rockies/1094771.article|work=Broadcast|access-date=25 November 2012}}</ref>

The 2007 [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] featured a programme of "documentaries that partly or completely consist of animation".<ref>[https://www.idfa.nl/en/article/65671/animatiedocumentaires Animated documentaries|IDFA]</ref> In the article written to accompany the event, Kees Driessen talked about the "least controversial" form of the genre; the "illustrated [[radio documentary]]", citing [[Aardman Animation]]'s 1987 film ''Lip Synch: Going Equipped'' (directed by [[Peter Lord]]) as an example.<ref name="mice">Driessen, Kees. [http://www.idfa.nl/repository/documents/More%20than%20just%20talking%20mice%20(Paul%20Fierlinger).pdf More than just talking mice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154450/http://www.idfa.nl/repository/documents/More%20than%20just%20talking%20mice%20%28Paul%20Fierlinger%29.pdf |date=July 24, 2011 }}. ''IDFA Magazine''. 2007.</ref> One of the most consistent creators of this form of animated documentary today is [[Paul Fierlinger]].<ref name="robinson">Robinson, Chris. [http://animationpimp.animationblogspot.com/2007/11/18/waking-life-the-truth-is-in-the-animation-montage-magazine-2004/ Waking Life: The Truth is in the Animation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621234841/http://animationpimp.animationblogspot.com/2007/11/18/waking-life-the-truth-is-in-the-animation-montage-magazine-2004/ |date=June 21, 2008 }}. ''Montage Magazine''. 2004.</ref> His films from the late 1980s-onward typically feature recordings of people talking about certain topics in their lives (such as alcohol abuse or loneliness), accompanied by Fierlinger's animation which mainly illustrates the stories in a realistic way. This is a contrast from films and series such as Aardman's ''[[Creature Comforts]]'', which [[Recontextualisation|recontextualise]] such audio recordings by combining them with more fanciful, non-realistic animated interpretations.

Fierlinger's 1995 animated feature-length [[autobiography]] ''Drawn from Memory'', in which he is the main subject as well as the director, voice actor and only animator,<ref>[https://www.animationshowofshows.com/products/drawn-from-memory-a-film-by-paul-fierlinger Drawn From Memory DVD-Animation Show of Shows]</ref> was also called a documentary by Driessen.<ref name="mice" /> This technique of animating interviews has also been used by other filmmakers, such as [[Chris Landreth]] in his [[Academy Award|Oscar]]-winning 2004 short film ''[[Ryan (film)|Ryan]]'' (mainly based on an interview done with animator [[Ryan Larkin]]) and [[Jonas Odell]] in the 2006 Swedish film ''Aldrig som första gången!'' (''Never Like the First Time!'', consisting of animated segments of people's descriptions of their first time engaging in sex). The film ''[[Chicago 10 (film)|Chicago 10]]'', about the [[Chicago Seven]] incident, received some acclaim for recreating courtroom scenes using animation. Another documentary with animated elements is the German film ''[[Neukölln Unlimited]]'', which uses animation to depict past traumas of its protagonists.

The Oscar-nominated 2008 [[Israel]]i film ''[[Waltz with Bashir]]''<ref>[http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/the-10-best-animated-documentaries-from-the-past-10-years/2/ The 10 Best Animated Documentaries from The Past 10 Years « Taste of Cinema]</ref> was advertised as being the first feature-length animated documentary.<ref>Ide, Wendy. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/cannes/article3939739.ece Waltz With Bashir]. ''Times Online''. May 14, 2008.</ref>

Some animated documentaries that were nominated or won for Oscars are ''[[So Much for So Little]]'' (1949),<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8xnTMj3nys The First Exact Academy Awards Tie: 1950 Oscars]</ref> ''[[Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square]]'' (1998),<ref name="Oscars1999">{{Cite web |url= http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/71st-winners.html |title=The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=oscars.org}}</ref> ''[[The Moon and the Son: An Imagined Conversation]]'' (2005), ''[[I Met the Walrus]]'' (2007), ''[[Last Day of Freedom]]'' (2015) and ''[[Flee (film)|Flee]]'' (2021).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MbA_q5yTeA "A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness" winning Best Documentary Short-Oscars on YouTube]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Honess Roe |first1=Annabelle |title=Animated Documentary |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-349-43709-2}}

==External links==
*[https://animateddocs.wordpress.com AnimatedDocumentary.com] - Articles, news & events
*{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Beige |title=When Docs Get Graphic: Animation Meets Actuality |url=https://www.documentary.org/magazine/when-docs-get-graphic-animation-meets-actuality |website=International Documentary Association (IDA)}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705205510/http://fpsmagazine.com/mag/200503.php Articles about the animated documentary] in the March 2005 issue of [[fps magazine]]

{{Animation}}
{{Film genres}}

[[Category:Animation]]
[[Category:Film genres]]
[[Category:Animated documentary films| ]]
[[Category:Documentary film genres]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Animated documentary - Revision history

JJR: 1 revision imported: docu film types

en>Phantom Oficiall: /* History */