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'''Chalking''' is when a powdery, dry residue forms on the surface of an object composed of paint or plastic as a result of degradation ([[#ref1|Getty 2013]]). The presence of a loose powder found on the surface of the art can be due to exposure to the elements as well ([[#ref3|MCI 2014]]). Chalking is also due to the aging of the binding media- this results in the altered appearance of pigments and surface texture as the pigment and surface break down ([[#ref5|Timar-Balazsy et al. 1999]]). Chalking is also a term used to describe the granular disintegration of finely grained stones ([[#ref4|Vergès-Belmin 2008]]).

==Related Terms==
=== Synonyms in English ===

=== Translation ===
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
|'''English'''|| chalking
|-
|'''French'''|| farinage
|-
|'''Spanish'''|| 
|-
|'''Portuguese'''|| 
|-
|'''Italian'''|| 
|-
|'''German'''|| 
|-
|'''Arabic'''|| 
|-
|'''Chinese (Traditional)'''|| 粉化
|}

==Discussion==
This occurs when parts of the paint pigment or plastic begin to deteriorate, most commonly due to exposure to air or the elements ([[#ref3|Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute]]). Another common cause of chalking in paintings is that the original binder in the paint was deficient ([[#ref2|Museum of Fine Arts Boston 2013]]).

==Further Reading==
*See [[WHITE SURFACE HAZES]]

*[http://cool.conservation-us.org/waac/wn/wn20/wn20-1/wn20-108.html "Clarifying the Haze" by Eugena Ordonez and John Twilley]

==References==
 "Chalking." ''Getty.'' Last modified July 15, 2013. http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=chalking&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300386687

 "Chalking." ''Museum of Fine Arts Boston.'' Last modified July 24, 2013. http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Chalking

 "Painting Conservation Glossary of Terms." ''Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute.'' Accessed March 24, 2014. http://www.si.edu/mci/english/learn_more/taking_care/painting_glossary.html

 Vergès-Belmin, V., ed. 2008. Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns. English-French ed., Monuments & Sites no. 15. Paris: ICOMOS and (ISCS) International Scientific Committee for Stone. http://www.icomos.org/publications/monuments_and_sites/15/pdf/Monuments_and_Sites_15_ISCS_Glossary_Stone.pdf
 

 Timar-Balazsy, A. and D. Eastop. 1999. Chemical Principles of Textile Conservation. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 126.
 

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[[Category:Lexicon]]

Chalking - Revision history

JJR: 1 revision imported: first import from conservation-wiki - may snafu

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