JJR: 1 revision imported

2022-03-21T01:32:44Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:32, 21 March 2022
(No difference)

w>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6

2022-02-28T20:30:17Z

Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6

New page

{{short description|Museum in Rochester, New York}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = George Eastman Museum
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = George-Eastman-House=Exterior.JPG
| caption = George Eastman Museum in Rochester, New York
| location = 900 East Avenue, [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States
| area =
| built = {{start date and age|1905}}<br/>{{start date and age|1949|}} (museum opened)
| architect = [[J. Foster Warner]]<br>[[McKim, Mead and White]] (interiors)
| architecture = [[Georgian Revival architecture|Georgian Revival]]
| designated_nrhp_type = November 13, 1966<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=382&ResourceType=Building |title=George Eastman House |date=2007-09-14 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522024505/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=382&ResourceType=Building |archive-date=2009-05-22 }}</ref>
| added = November 13, 1966<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.eastman.org}}
| refnum = 66000529
}}
The '''George Eastman Museum''', the world's oldest [[museum]] dedicated to [[photography]]<ref name="GEH1">{{cite news|title=History of George Eastman House|url=http://www.eastmanhouse.org/Main/museum/history.php|work=George Eastman House website|access-date=2010-01-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114050143/http://www.eastmanhouse.org/Main/museum/history.php|archive-date=2010-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/oralhistories/transcripts/newhal65.htm|title=Oral history interview with Beaumont Newhall, 1965 Jan. 23|author=Archives of American Art|work=si.edu}}</ref> and one of the world's oldest [[film archives]], opened to the public in 1949 in [[Rochester, New York]].

World-renowned for its collections in the fields of photography and cinema, the museum is also a leader in [[film preservation]] and [[photograph conservation]], educating archivists and conservators from around the world. Home to the 500-seat [[Dryden Theatre]], the museum is located on the estate of entrepreneur and philanthropist [[George Eastman]], the founder of [[Eastman Kodak]] Company. The estate was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1966.

==History==
[[File:GeorgeEastmanHouse.jpg|thumb|left|Interior]]

The Rochester estate of [[George Eastman]] (1854–1932) was bequeathed upon his death to the [[University of Rochester]]. University presidents (first [[Benjamin Rush Rhees]], then [[Alan Valentine]]) occupied Eastman's mansion as a residence for ten years.<ref name="D&C_Nov10">{{cite news|last=Chao|first=Mary|title=Historic houses are finding new lives in Rochester|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20101122/NEWS01/11220309/Historic-houses-are-finding-new-lives-in-Rochester&referrer=NEWSFRONTCAROUSEL|access-date=November 22, 2010|newspaper=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]|date=November 22, 2010|agency=[[Gannett Company]] |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uRRSF4c1?url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20101122/NEWS01/11220309/Historic-houses-are-finding-new-lives-in-Rochester%26referrer%3DNEWSFRONTCAROUSEL|archive-date=November 22, 2010|location=[[Rochester, New York]]|pages=1A, 4A}}</ref> In 1948, the university transferred the property to the museum and the [[Georgian Revival architecture|Georgian Revival Style]] mansion was adapted to serve the museum's operations.<ref name="GEH1" />

George Eastman House was chartered as a museum in 1947.<ref name="Image">{{cite news|first=Beaumont |last=Newhall |title=The First Decade |date=September–December 1982 |publisher=Image; Journal of Photography and Motion Pictures of the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House (Vol. 25, No. 3–4) |url=http://image.eastmanhouse.org/files/GEH_1982_25_03-04.pdf |pages=3 |access-date=2011-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725164403/http://image.eastmanhouse.org/files/GEH_1982_25_03-04.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-25}}</ref> From the outset, the museum's mission has been to collect, preserve, and present the history of [[photography]] and [[film]]. The museum opened its doors on November 9, 1949, displaying its core collections in the former public rooms of Eastman's house. In October 2015, the museum changed its name from ''George Eastman House'' to the ''George Eastman Museum''.<ref>{{cite web|title=George Eastman Museum Announces New Name {{!}} George Eastman Museum|url=http://www.eastman.org/george-eastman-museum-announces-new-name|access-date=2015-10-09}}</ref>

The museum's original collections included the Medicus collection of [[Photography and photographers of the American Civil War|Civil War photographs]] by [[Alexander Gardner (photographer)|Alexander Gardner]], Eastman Kodak Company's historical collection, and the massive Gabriel Cromer collection of nineteenth-century French photography. The Eastman Museum has received donations of entire archives, corporate and individual collections, and the estates of leading photographers, as well as thousands of [[Film|motion picture]]s and massive holdings of cinematic [[ephemera]].

By 1984, the museum's holdings were considered by many to be among the world's finest, but with the collections growing at a rapid pace, the museum was increasingly burdened by its own success. Additional space became critical to store and study the increasing number of collected objects. The museum's expansion facility opened to the public in January 1989.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news |first=Kathleen |last=Quigley |title=Splendor Restored At Eastman House |date=1990-03-18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/18/travel/splendor-restored-at-eastman-house.html |work =The New York Times |access-date=2010-10-25}}</ref>

In 1999, the George Eastman Museum launched the Mellon Advanced Residency Program in [[Photograph conservation|Photograph Conservation]], made possible with grant support from the [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]]. The program trained top photograph archivists and conservators from around the world.

In 1996, the museum opened the Louis B. Mayer Conservation Center in nearby [[Chili, New York|Chili]]. One of only four film conservation centers in the United States (as of March 2006), the facility houses the museum's rare [[35 mm movie film|35 mm]] prints made on [[cellulose nitrate]]. That same year, the Eastman House launched the first school of [[film preservation]] in the United States to teach restoration, preservation, and archiving of motion pictures. The L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film Preservation was founded with support from The Louis B. Mayer Foundation.

George Eastman Museum has organized numerous groundbreaking exhibitions, including ''[[New Topographics|New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape]]'' in 1975.

==Governance==

===Directors===
The current director of the George Eastman Museum is [[Bruce Barnes (executive)|Bruce Barnes]] who was appointed in September 2012.<ref name="RBJ1">{{cite news |first=Nate |last=Dougherty |title=George Eastman House selects new director |date=2012-09-27 |url=http://www.rbj.net/article.asp?aID=192597 |work=Rochester Business Journal |access-date = 2012-09-28}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Directors of George Eastman Museum'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://image.eastmanhouse.org/node/99 |title=IMAGE (1972. vol 15. issue 4.) |work=eastmanhouse.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725164105/http://image.eastmanhouse.org/node/99 |archive-date=2011-07-25}}</ref>
|-
! Name
! Tenure
|-
| [[Oscar Solbert|Oscar N. Solbert]]
| 1947–1958
|-
| [[Beaumont Newhall]]
| 1958–1971
|-
| [[Van Deren Coke]]
| 1971–1972
|-
| [[Robert J. Doherty]]
| 1972–1981
|-
| [[Robert A. Mayer]]
| 1981–1989
|-
| [[James L. Enyeart]]
| 1989–1995
|-
| [[Anthony Bannon]]
| 1996–2012
|-
| [[Bruce Barnes (executive)|Bruce Barnes]]
| 2012–present
|}

===Board of Trustees===
The George Eastman Museum is headed by a board of trustees. Kevin Gavagan is the current chair of board.

===Finances===
The George Eastman Museum's annual budget is approximately $10 million. As of December 2014, its endowment exceeded $35 million.

==Collections==
The museum's holdings comprise more than 400,000 [[photograph]]s and [[Negative (photography)|negative]]s dating from the invention of photography to the present day; 28,000 motion picture films; three million other cinematic objects, including letters, scripts, musical scores, lobby cards, posters, film stills, and celebrity portraits; more than 16,000 objects of photographic and cinematographic [[technology]]; an internationally renowned research collection of books, periodicals, and other materials on photography and moving images; and George Eastman's home furnishings and decorative arts, personal and business correspondence, private library, photographs, negatives, films, and related personal items.

===Photography collection===
[[File:A&P, COFFEE, SANTA CLAUS.jpg|thumb|"A&P, COFFEE, SANTA CLAUS", 1958, photograph by [[Nickolas Muray]]]]
The photography collection embraces numerous landmark processes, objects of great rarity, and monuments of art history that trace the evolution of the medium as a technology, as a means of scientific and historical documentation, and as one of the most potent and accessible means of personal expression of the modern era. More than 14,000 photographers are represented in the collection, including virtually all the major figures in the history of the medium. The collection includes original vintage works produced by nearly every process and printing medium employed. Notable holdings include:
* One of the world's largest collection of daguerreotypes, including more than 1,000 by [[Southworth & Hawes]]
* A major collection of nineteenth-century photographs of the American West by photographers including [[Carleton Watkins]], [[Eadweard Muybridge]], [[Timothy H. O'Sullivan]], and [[William Henry Jackson]]
* A major collection of ca. 1890s–1910s glass negatives from French photojournalist [[Charles Chusseau-Flaviens]]
* The photographic estates of [[Lewis Hine]], [[Edward Steichen]], [[Alvin Langdon Coburn]], [[Nickolas Muray]] and [[Victor Keppler]]
* A major collection of [[Ansel Adams]]’ early and vintage prints

The museum's collection includes works by leading contemporary artists, including [[Andy Warhol]], [[Candida Höfer]], [[David Levinthal]], [[Cindy Sherman]], [[Adam Fuss]], [[Vik Muniz]], [[Gillian Wearing]], [[Ori Gersht]], [[Mickalene Thomas]], Chris McCaw, and Matthew Brandt.

===Moving image collection===
The [[George Eastman House Motion Picture Collection|George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection]] is one of the major moving image archives in the United States. It was established in 1949 by the first curator of film, [[James Card]] (1915–2000) who helped to build the George Eastman Museum as a leading force in the field with holdings of over 25,000 titles and a collection of stills, posters and papers with over 3 million artifacts. The George Eastman Museum's collection includes the complete moving-image works of [[William Kentridge]].

===George Eastman Legacy Collection===
This collection includes George Eastman's house and the George Eastman Archive and Study Center.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Who's behind the scenes at the Eastman House|date=18 Apr 1999|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> Opened in April 1999,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=When the archive opens, you, too, can poke through Eastman's possessions|last=Fennessy|first=Steve|date=28 Mar 1999|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> the George Eastman Archive and Study Center contains Eastman's personal possessions and documents pertaining to Kodak's early history.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Museums|date=1 May 2003|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> It has over half a million items<ref name=":0" /> within its climate controlled vault.<ref name=":1" /> The archive is accessible from the second floor of the house.<ref name=":1" /> Items within the house itself include fragments of Eastman's coffin,<ref>{{Cite news|title=George Eastman House|date=27 Feb 2000|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> a mounted elephant head,<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Museum as Home|date=21 Jan 1990|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> and an [[Aeolian-Skinner|Aeolian]] pipe organ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Donation to Eastman to help restore organ|last=Dobbin|first=Sean|date=5 May 2012|work=Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref>

===Fire===
On May 30, 1978, a two-alarm fire affecting four buildings resulted in the loss of some rare movie films and still photographs in the collection, though not as bad as originally feared.<ref name="fire">{{Cite news|title=Fire Loss at Film Museum Less Than Was Feared|date=May 31, 1978|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

==George Eastman Awards==

The George Eastman Museum established the [[George Eastman Award]] for distinguished contribution to the art of film in 1955 as the first award given by an American film archive and museum to honor artistic work of enduring value. <ref>{{cite web |title=George Eastman Award |url=https://www.eastman.org/george-eastman-award |website=George Eastman Museum |access-date=17 February 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124235031/https://www.eastman.org/george-eastman-award |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Recipients===
*1965 - [[Fred Astaire]] (Actor)
*1973 - [[Johnny Weissmuller]] (Actor)
*1975 - [[Blanche Sweet]] (Actor)
*1976 - [[George Cukor]] (Director), [[Karl Struss]] (Cinematographer)
*1978 - [[James Stewart]] (Actor), [[Willard Van Dyke]] (Director)
*1982 - [[Joan Bennett]] (Actor), [[Louise Brooks]] (Actor), [[Dolores del Río]] (Actor), [[Myrna Loy]] (Actor), [[Maureen O'Sullivan]] (Actor), [[Luise Rainer]] (Actor), [[Sylvia Sidney]] (Actor)
*1987 - [[Gregory Peck]] (Actor)
*1990 - [[Lauren Bacall]] (Actor)
*1992 - [[Audrey Hepburn]] (Actor)
*1994 - [[Martin Scorsese]] (Filmmaker)
*1997 - [[Isabella Rossellini]] (Actor)
*1999 - [[Meryl Streep]] (Actor)
*2003 - [[Kim Novak]] (Actor)
*2012 - [[Richard Gere]] (Actor, Activist)
*2013 - [[Roger Corman]] (Director, Producer, Distributor)
*2015 - [[Michael Douglas]] (Actor, Producer)<ref>{{cite web |title=MICHAEL DOUGLAS - 69TH GEORGE EASTMAN AWARD RECIPIENT |url=https://www.nspstudio.com/blog/michael-douglas-69th-george-eastman-award-recipient |website=NSP Studio |access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
*2016 - [[Michael Keaton]] (Actor)<ref>{{cite web |title=Garner: Michael Keaton's Eastman Award comes at right time |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/lifestyle/2016/05/27/garner-michael-keatons-eastman-award-comes-right-time/84967500/ |website=Democrat & Chronicle |access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
*2017 - [[Vittorio Storaro]] (Cinematographer)
*2019 - [[Julia Roberts]] (Actor, Producer)<ref>{{cite web |title=Julia Roberts to receive George Eastman Award for movie work |url=https://apnews.com/6b5d7432e9254823aab93f261e90e030 |website=Associated Press |access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>

==George Eastman's Estate==
[[George Eastman]] built his residence at 900 East Avenue between 1902 and 1905. He created a unique urban estate complete with {{convert|10.5|acre|m2}} of working farm land, formal gardens, greenhouses, stables, barns, pastures, and a {{convert|35000|sqft|m2|adj=on}}, 50-room [[Colonial Revival]] mansion with a fireproof structure made of reinforced concrete.

Eastman's house presented a neoclassical [[Georgian Revival architecture|Georgian Revival]] [[facade]] of decorative craftsmanship. Beneath this exterior were such modern conveniences as an [[electrical generator]], an internal telephone system with 21 stations, a built-in vacuum cleaning system, a central clock network, an [[elevator]], and a great Aeolian [[pipe organ]]. Eastman used the house as a center of the city's rich musical life from 1905 until his death in 1932.

The estate was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1966.<ref name="nhlsum" /><ref name="nrhpinv">{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: George Eastman House|url={{NHLS url|id=66000529}} |format=pdf|author=Richard Greenwood |date=January 8, 1976|publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000529|title=Accompanying 2 photos, 1 exterior from 1905 and 1 interior from 1920.|photos=y}} {{small|(518 [[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|George Eastman House Museum}}

===Official websites===
* [http://www.eastman.org/ Official George Eastman Museum website]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house Flickr.com: Eastman House]

===Guides===
* [http://rocwiki.org/George_Eastman_House RocWiki.org: George Eastman House article]
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eastman/sfeature/eastmanhouse.html PBS.org: Virtual Tour of the George Eastman House]
{{coord|43.152147|-77.580278|region:US_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{George Eastman House directors}}
{{University of Rochester}}
{{photography subject}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}
{{City of Rochester, NY}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastman, George, House}}
[[Category:Museums in Rochester, New York]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Houses in Rochester, New York]]
[[Category:Photography museums and galleries in the United States]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Biographical museums in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Kodak]]
[[Category:Film archives in the United States]]
[[Category:Photo archives in the United States]]
[[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Rochester, New York]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1949]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Georgian Revival architecture in New York (state)]]

George Eastman Museum - Revision history

JJR: 1 revision imported

w>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6