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{{Infobox film
| name =Wings on Her Shoulder
| image =Wings on her Shoulder.jpg
| caption =Theatrical poster
| director =[[Jane Marsh Beveridge|Jane Marsh]]
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =[[Lorne Greene]]
| starring =
| music =[[Lucio Agostini]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = [[National Film Board of Canada]]
| distributor = [[United Artists]]<br>National Film Board of Canada
| released = {{Film date|1943}}
| runtime = 10 minutes, 47 seconds
| country = Canada
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Wings on Her Shoulder''''' is a 10-minute 1943 Canadian [[documentary film]], made by the [[National Film Board of Canada]] (NFB) as part of the NFB's ''[[The World in Action]]'' series. The film, directed by [[Jane Marsh Beveridge|Jane Marsh]], depicts the role of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force Women's Division|Woman's Division]] in the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) during the [[World War II|Second World War]], who freed up men for flying duties. {{TOC limit|limit=2}}

== Synopsis ==
As the Second World War continues, the Canadian contribution to the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombing campaign over occupied Europe requires more aviators. The government responds by creating the [[Royal Canadian Air Force Women's Division]] in 1941. By 1943, 9,000 recruits, women from all backgrounds, are taking over a wide range of jobs.

Women in the RCAF, or WDs as they were called, were clerks, drivers, photographers, air photo interpreters, weather observers, instrument mechanics, parachute riggers as well as many administrative and technical positions in the RCAF. While most WDs were located at [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] stations across Canada, many others served overseas with [[RCAF Overseas Headquarters]] and [[No. 6 Group RCAF|No. 6 (Bomber) Group]] in England. The skills they learned would also serve the women well as they would eventually enter a postwar world.<ref name="Women">[https://www.nfb.ca/film/wings_on_her_shoulder "Wings on her Shoulder."] ''[[National Film Board]]'', 1943. Retrieved: October 4, 2014.</ref> {{#tag:ref|Their motto was: "We serve that men may fly."<ref>Ziegler 1973, p. 6.</ref>|group=Note}}

==Production==
Typical of the NFB's wartime series of documentary short films, ''Wings on Her Shoulder'' relied heavily on military assistance in obtaining footage. The film incorporated stock footage shot over a period of time from 1941–1943. While the aerial sequences were limited to available footage, some of the aerial scenes were shot in Canada and carefully edited with other footage obtained from the British [[Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Information]].<ref>Goetz, William. "The Canadian Wartime Documentary: 'Canada Carries on' and 'The World in Action'. ''Cinema Journal'', 16 (1977), pp. 59–80.</ref>

===Aircraft in the film===
The RCAF aircraft in ''Wings on her Shoulder'' encompassed many of the types used in [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber]] and [[RAF Fighter Command|Fighter Command]]s, by the RCAF in 1943, including:
* [[Avro Manchester]] medium bomber
* [[Avro Lancaster]] heavy bomber
* [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|Boeing Fortress Mk I]] heavy bomber
* [[Bristol Beaufighter]] fighter
* [[Bristol Blenheim]] light bomber
* [[Douglas B-18 Bolo|Douglas Digby]] medium bomber/coastal patrol
* [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter/fighter-bomber
* [[Short Stirling]] heavy bomber

==Reception==
As part of the NFB's ''The World in Action'' newsreel series, ''Wings on Her Shoulder'' was produced for both the military and the theatrical market. Each film was shown over a six-month period as part of the shorts or newsreel segments in approximately 800 theatres across Canada. The NFB also had an arrangement with [[United Artists]] to ensure that newsreels would get a wider release in North America.<ref name="Ellis">Ellis and McLane 2005, p. 122.</ref>

After the six-month theatrical tour ended, individual films were made available on 16 mm, to schools, libraries, churches and factories, extending the life of these films for another year or two. They were also made available to film libraries operated by university and provincial authorities. Available from the National Film Board either online or as a DVD, ''Wings on her Shoulder'' is one of the few wartime NFB films that explored the role of women at war.<ref name="Ohayon">Ohayon, Albert. [http://blog.nfb.ca/2009/07/13/propaganda-cinema/ "Propaganda cinema at the NFB".] ''National Film Board of Canada'', July 13, 2009. Retrieved: October 4, 2014.</ref>

Historian Malek Khouri analyzed the role of the NFB wartime documentaries with ''Wings on her Shoulder'' characterized as an example of a [[propaganda film]]. "During the early years of the NFB, its creative output was largely informed by the turbulent political and social climate the world was facing. World War II, Communism, unemployment, the role of labour unions, and working conditions were all subjects featured by the NFB during the period from 1939 to 1946".<ref>Khouri 2007, [https://www.amazon.ca/Filming-Politics-Malek-Khouri/dp/1552381994/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1411908975&sr=1-1&keywords=9781552381991 back cover].</ref>

The "destabilizing" role of women depicted in ''Wings on Her Shoulder'' also showed an acceptance of a new role to come in postwar years.<ref>Ramsay 2011, p. 40.</ref> In an examination of the role of the NFB in wartime, historian George Evans observed: "If contemporary feminists sense omissions and patronizing in the film, one must at least acknowledge that [''Wings on her Shoulder''] expressed a positive attitude to working women and was conditioning audiences to become accustomed to new and permanent women's roles in the workplace."<ref>Evans 1984, p. 185.</ref>

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Ellis, Jack C. and Betsy A. McLane. ''New History of Documentary Film''. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. {{ISBN|0-8264-1750-7}}.
* Evans, Gary. ''John Grierson and the National Film Board: The Politics of Wartime Propaganda''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-80202-519-7}}.
* Khouri, Malek. ''Filming Politics: Communism and the Portrayal of the Working Class at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939-46.'' Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-55238-199-1}}.
* Ramsay, Christine, ed. ''Making it Like a Man: Canadian Masculinities in Practice.'' Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-55458-327-0}}.
* Ziegler, Mary. ''We Serve That Men May Fly: The Story of the Women's Division of the Royal Canadian Air Force''. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: RCAF (WD) Association, 1973. No ISBN.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2330534|Wings on Her Shoulder}}
* [https://www.nfb.ca/film/wings_on_her_shoulder Watch ''Wings on Her Shoulder'' at NFB.ca].

[[Category:1943 films]]
[[Category:Canadian aviation films]]
[[Category:Canadian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Canadian short documentary films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about military aviation]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:National Film Board of Canada documentaries]]
[[Category:1943 documentary films]]
[[Category:Black-and-white documentary films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about women in World War II]]
[[Category:Films scored by Lucio Agostini]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jane Marsh Beveridge]]
[[Category:Women in the Canadian armed services]]
[[Category:The World in Action]]
[[Category:Quebec films]]
[[Category:National Film Board of Canada short films]]
[[Category:Canadian films]]

Moving Image:Wings on Her Shoulder - Revision history

JJR: 1 revision imported: fingers crossed

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